what is Sociolinguistic ?
Paper
Name :
A English Language Teaching1
Assignment
Topic :
what
is Sociolinguistic ?
Name:
Solanki
Pintu V
Sem
: 3
Roll
No :
29
Enrollment
No:
PG15101037
Submitted
to :
M.K.
BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY
Department
Of English
‘Sociolinguistics
is the study about relationship between language and society.’ The
language as the communication tool and then the society is the
communities of people. There are many various of language that are
suitable with the place, speaking people, condition and situation, so
the language is possible used. The place is very important because
the language style of people reflect where the people live.
Sociolinguistics
is the study of the effect of any and all aspects of society,
including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way
language is used.
Origins
And Main Figures:
Origins:
Saussure & Chomsky concepts.
Prominent
figures: William Labov & Peter Trudgill.
Origin:
“Sociolinguistics has its roots in dialectology, historical
linguistics, and language contact with considerable influence from
sociology and psychology. This is why it has evolved into an
exceptionally broad field.” Sociolinguistics is a New discipline
of Linguistics, it Developed in the last 30 years.
William
Labov:
Regarded
as the one who started it with his theories in his empirical works:
The
social stratification of english in New York city. (1966)
Sociolinguistics
patterns. (1972)
Sociological
methodology – with theoretical implications for Linguistics.
His
study – based on empirical work in social context
Objective
– mechanism of linguistic changes & structure of linguistic
systems.
The
first one to put into practice the area of sociolinguistics in the
united states.
Peter
John Trudgill:
Later
in the United Kingdom.
The
British complement for the secular linguistics of Labov.
The
social differentiation of English in Norwich. (1971)
Sociolinguistic
patterns in British English. (1972)
The
difference between micro and macro sociolinguistics is that
micro-sociolinguistics refers to the research with a linguistic lean
focusing on dialect and stylistic/register variation where as Micro
Sociolinguistics looks at issues as to why immigrants keep their
native language in some contexts and not in others, or how social
identity can affect language.
The
study of language in relation to society deals with small group of
people in certain community. Example: meeting.
The
study of language related to how the society treats the language.
Micro-sociolinguistics
as a linguistics dimension of society. micro-sociolinguistics refers
to research with a linguistic slant, often focusing on dialect and
stylistic \ register variation. the micro it means the deeper
sociolinguistic study. also they both Quantitative and Qualitative
research methods have been employed to explore such linguistic
phenomena as Phonological differences between dialect or discourses
between male and female speaker column refers to
micro-sociolinguistics as ‘social dimensions of language’.
Macro-sociolinguistics
looks at the behavior of entire speech communities exploring issue
such as why immigrant communities retain their native language ages
in some social contexts but note in others, or how social identity
can effect language choice.
The
coming together of micro-sociolinguistics in a narrow sense and
macro-sociolinguistics of language , we have tools and questions of
particular interest to second language (L2) practitioner. the all
these questions there are many different micro and macro approaches
of sociolinguistics such as :
-
Interactional sociolinguistics
-Variations
sociolinguistics
-Historical
sociolinguistics
-Discourse
Analysis
-Conversation
Analysis
-Language
planning and policy
Research
sociolinguistic describe three subcategories.
1)
Language Variation
2)
Language Relativity
3)
Language in Contact
1.
Language Variation
The
language variation if the speaker speak the English language and the
ten mistake if the language variation. some speaker are the rules our
speak the English language like the copy for other also language as a
process of coding every language has code language code is important
for the conveyed the idea.
Pidginisation
Process
pidgins
have more simplified linguistic features. At the phonological level
their phonemic inventory is more simple. The reason is that the
pidgin speakers are not aware of the intricate phonemic sounds that
characterize the English language.
Creolisation
Process:
speaker
develops an elaborated code that can accommodate the full range of
life’s functions.
For
Example:
“Da
Vinci Code”
the
novel reflect the secret and life of Jesus Christ. to learn language
has a particular code.
2)
Linguistic Relativity
Linguistic
Relativity Theory is not actually a well-formulated theory at all,
but a series of observations about the relationship between language
and thinking stretching back to the time of Plato. The question is,
do all human beings think the same way regardless of the way they
speak, or is the way people think influenced by the language they
speak? Is there one universal logic everyone more or less abides by,
or is logic itself relative to the grammar of a given language?
The
of the researcher becomes the description of what Hymes termed
Communicative Competence.
Canale
and Swain (1980)theorized four components:
-Communicative
Competence
-Grammatical
Competence
-Discourse
Competence
-Strategic
Competence
3)Language
in Contact
Language
contacts have been in the focus of interest ever since philologists
became aware of the fact that there is no language which would be
free of foreign elements and that languages influence one another on
different levels. At the beginning the structural approach to the
problem of language contact was dominant in most of the
investigations carried out by linguists who tried to explain all the
intricate relations between two language systems. In the course of
its development contact linguistics has drastically changed its
profile in favor of a more complex approach which includes several
disciplines closely related to the problem of language contacts.
Characteristics
Of Sociolinguistics:
A
science, which is concerned with the relationship between language
and society.
There
is a deep relationship between language and society. It is in society
that man acquires and uses language. When we study a language which
is an abstraction of abstractions, a system of systems, we have to
study its further abstractions such as dialects, socialists,
idiolects, etc. That is why we have to keep in mind the geographical
area in which this language is spoken, the culture and the society in
which it is used, the speakers who use it, the listeners for whom it
is used, and the purpose for which it is used, besides the linguistic
components that compose it. Only then can our study of a language be
complete and comprehensive.
Phonetics:
the
physical properties of all human sound. Itstudies
the characteristics of human sound production especially those sounds
used in speech and provide methods for their description,
classification and transcription.
Phonology:
study of how languages organize the units of speech into systems .The
study of specific sounds that make up words of speaking and
listening.
Syntax:
refers to both the arrangement and the form of words. Study of the
structure of sentences and of underlying principles for generating
and processing them. It links together sound patterns and the
meaning.
Semantics:
study of word and sentence meaning. Phonology, syntax and semantics
constitute the grammar of language.
Morphology:
study of word formation and inflection. It is a branch of grammar
which studies the structure or forms of words.
It
considers that language is a social and a cultural phenomenon.
It
studies language in its social context, in real life situations by
empirical investigation.
It
is related to methodology and contents of social sciences.
https://mlc.linguistics.georgetown.edu/about-sociolinguistics/what-is-sociolinguistics-2/
http://www.slideshare.net/AleeenaFarooq/definitions-origins-and-approaches-of-sociolinguistics
http://radhaghevariyabetch2014-16.blogspot.in/2015/10/what-is-sociolinguistic_31.html
No comments:
Post a Comment